" Union, for the United States of America, is then repeated in such clauses as the Admission to the Union clause in Article IV, Section 3.Įven before the Civil War began the phrase "preserve the Union" was commonplace, and a "union of states" had been used to refer to the entire United States of America. The subsequent Constitution of 1787 was issued and ratified in the name not of the states, but of "We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union. The term "Union" occurs in the first governing document of the United States, the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. In foreign affairs, the Union was the only side recognized by all other nations, none of which officially recognized the Confederate government. The Union (the United States) never recognized the legitimacy of the Confederacy's secession and maintained at all times that it remained entirely a part of the United States. In the context of the American Civil War, the Union, or the United States, is sometimes referred to as "the North", both then and now, as opposed to the Confederacy, which was often called "the South". Draft resistance was notable in some larger cities, especially in parts of New York City, with its massive anti-draft riots of July 1863 and in some remote districts such as the Coal Region of Northeastern Pennsylvania.Įtymology Charleston Mercury Secession Broadside of 1860 "The Union" was way to refer to the American Republic. Most soldiers were volunteers, although after 1862 many volunteered in order to escape the draft and to take advantage of generous cash bounties on offer from states and localities. The Union states invested a great deal of money and effort in organizing psychological and social support for soldiers' wives, widows, and orphans, and for the soldiers themselves. Prosperity was stimulated by heavy government spending and the creation of an entirely new national banking system. The war years were quite prosperous except where serious fighting and guerrilla warfare ravaged the countryside. In 1864, the Republicans campaigned under the National Union Party banner, which attracted many War Democrats and soldiers and scored a landslide victory for Lincoln and his entire ticket against Democratic candidate George B. They lost ground in 1863, especially in Ohio. The Democrats made major electoral gains in 1862 in state elections, most notably in New York. The Democratic Party strongly supported the war at the beginning in 1861, but by 1862, was split between the War Democrats and the anti-war element known as Peace Democrats, led by the extremist " Copperheads". Most Northern states had Republican governors who energetically supported the war effort and suppressed anti-war subversion, particularly that that arose in 1863–64. Army hospitals were set up across the Union. The Northeast and Midwest provided soldiers, food, horses, financial support, and training camps. The Northeast and Midwest provided the industrial resources for a mechanized war producing large quantities of munitions and supplies and financing the war. Keeping the southern border states in the Union was essential to its winning the war, and Lincoln reportedly said, "I hope to have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky". The Union Army was a new formation comprising mostly state units, together with units from the regular U.S. In the context of the Civil War, "Union" is also often used as a synonym for "the northern states loyal to the United States government" in this meaning, the Union included 20 free states and four southern border slave states, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, though Missouri and Kentucky both had dual competing Confederate and Unionist governments with the Confederate government of Kentucky and the Confederate government of Missouri. do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America". "Union" is used in the Preamble to the United States Constitution, which opens, "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union. The name the "Union" arose from the declared goal of the United States, led by President Abraham Lincoln, of preserving the United States as a constitutional union. During the American Civil War, the United States of America (USA) was referred to as the Union, also known colloquially as the North, after eleven Southern slave states seceded to form the Confederate States of America (CSA), which was called the Confederacy, also known as the South.
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